MarylandVeterinarian License Requirements

Prerequisite Education

Bachelor's degree strongly preferred; minimum prerequisite coursework in biology, chemistry, physics, math; varies by school

Veterinarians must earn a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) or Veterinariae Medicinae Doctoris (VMD) degree from an AVMA Council on Education (COE) accredited program. Programs typically span 4 years and include extensive didactic coursework and clinical rotations across multiple species and specialties.

Jurisprudence Details

Maryland does not require a separate state jurisprudence exam. Only the NAVLE is required.

Retake Policy

Beginning with March 2026 window, ALL candidates receive 5 fresh attempts regardless of prior testing history. Attempts before Dec 1, 2025 do not count toward new 5-attempt limit. No waivers going forward. Note: Individual states may impose their own more restrictive attempt limits.

The NAVLE is a computer-based examination administered by the NBVME/ICVA. It consists of 360 questions covering all aspects of veterinary medicine. A score of 425 is required to pass. Many states also require a jurisprudence exam on state-specific veterinary practice laws and regulations.

State Controlled Substance License

Maryland requires a separate state controlled substance registration ($50)

Veterinarians who prescribe, dispense, or administer controlled substances must obtain a federal DEA registration. Many states also require a separate state-level controlled substance license. DEA registration is renewed every 3 years.

Restricted Activities

• •Practice limited to veterinary patients (animal species)
• •Cannot prescribe medications for human use
• •Must maintain valid VCPR for prescribing
• •Certain controlled substance prescribing restrictions apply

Veterinarians are licensed to practice on all animal species unless otherwise restricted by state law. Scope includes medical, surgical, and dental procedures, anesthesia, radiology, and euthanasia. Telemedicine regulations and prescription authority vary by state. Green indicates permitted, gray indicates not permitted, and yellow indicates varies or unknown.

VCPR Details

Maryland requires an in-person examination to establish the VCPR. Telemedicine may be used for follow-up care within an existing VCPR.

A valid Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR) is required in most states before a veterinarian can diagnose, treat, or prescribe medication for an animal. Whether a VCPR can be established via telemedicine varies significantly by state, with some requiring an initial in-person examination.

Required CE Topics

Regulatory Board

Veterinary licenses must be renewed on schedule with the state board. Continuing education (CE) requirements vary by state, typically ranging from 15 to 30 hours per renewal period. Some states require specific CE topics such as controlled substance training, pain management, or jurisprudence updates.

Reciprocity Requirements

• •Active veterinary license in good standing in another state
• •Graduation from an AVMA COE-accredited veterinary program
• •Passage of the NAVLE with score of 425 or above
• •Pass criminal background check
• •Submit endorsement application with verification of original licensure

Most states accept NAVLE scores from other states for licensure by endorsement. Requirements for out-of-state veterinarians typically include verification of current licensure, NAVLE score verification, and meeting any state-specific requirements such as jurisprudence exams or additional documentation.