How to Become a Radiologic Technologist in 2026: Complete State-by-State Guide

Radiologic technologists -- also called radiographers or X-ray technologists -- are allied health professionals who perform diagnostic imaging examinations using X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mammography, and other imaging modalities. Across the 51 states we track, 41 require a formal state license to practice, 51 require American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) certification, and 3 require a separate fluoroscopy permit.

This guide covers everything you need to know about becoming a radiologic technologist in 2026 -- from education and ARRT certification to state-by-state licensing requirements, fluoroscopy permits, and continuing education.

What Does a Radiologic Technologist Do?

Radiologic technologists are integral members of the healthcare team who produce medical images that physicians use to diagnose and treat injuries and diseases. Their daily responsibilities include positioning patients correctly for imaging procedures, operating complex imaging equipment, minimizing radiation exposure through proper technique, and ensuring image quality for accurate diagnosis.

Radiologic technologists work across a wide range of clinical settings and imaging specialties:

• Radiography (X-ray): The foundational modality; technologists perform plain film X-rays of bones, chest, and abdomen for fractures, pneumonia, tumors, and other conditions
• Computed Tomography (CT): Advanced cross-sectional imaging used for trauma, oncology, vascular assessment, and complex anatomy evaluation
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Non-ionizing imaging using magnetic fields and radio waves, ideal for soft tissue, neurological, and musculoskeletal conditions
• Mammography: Specialized breast imaging for cancer screening and diagnosis; requires additional ARRT certification
• Fluoroscopy: Real-time dynamic X-ray imaging used for gastrointestinal studies, orthopedic procedures, and interventional radiology; many states require a separate permit
• Nuclear Medicine and Cardiovascular Interventional: Advanced specialties with separate ARRT certification pathways for experienced technologists

Radiologic technologists typically work in hospitals, outpatient imaging centers, urgent care clinics, orthopedic offices, and mobile imaging services. Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows over 200,000 radiologic and MRI technologists employed in the United States, with a median annual salary near $70,000 and continued job growth projected through the decade.

Step 1: Complete a JRCERT-Accredited Education Program

The first and most important step is completing a radiologic technology program accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT). JRCERT is the only accrediting body recognized by the U.S. Department of Education specifically for radiography, radiation therapy, magnetic resonance, and medical dosimetry programs. ARRT certification -- required in most states -- is only available to graduates of JRCERT-accredited (or equivalent) programs.

Associate's Degree in Radiologic Technology

The Associate of Applied Science (AAS) in Radiologic Technology is the most common entry-level pathway. Programs are typically 2 years in length (not including prerequisites) and are frequently offered at community colleges and hospital-based schools. Key details:

• Duration: Typically 24 months of core curriculum plus prerequisite courses in anatomy, physiology, and medical terminology
• Clinical hours: Programs include extensive supervised clinical rotations, typically 1,800+ hours in imaging departments
• Coursework: Radiographic exposure, image production, radiation protection, patient care, anatomy, pathology, and imaging equipment operation
• Cost: Community college programs typically range from $10,000 to $35,000 total, making them a cost-effective entry point
• ARRT eligibility: Graduates are eligible to sit for the ARRT Radiography (R) exam immediately after graduation

Bachelor's Degree in Radiologic Technology

A Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Technology or Radiologic Sciences provides a more comprehensive education and is increasingly preferred by hospitals and advanced practice settings. Key details:

• Duration: 4-year program, or 1-2 additional years for RT-to-BS bridge programs for credentialed technologists
• Additional content: Management, education, research methods, healthcare systems, advanced imaging principles, and professional development
• Career advancement: Required or preferred for supervisory, management, and teaching roles; provides a foundation for graduate-level programs
• Specialization: Many bachelor's programs include coursework or clinical tracks in CT, MRI, or other advanced modalities

To verify that a program is JRCERT-accredited, visit the JRCERT program search at jrcert.org. Enrolling in a non-accredited program will disqualify you from ARRT certification and most state licenses.

Step 2: Pass the ARRT Certification Exam

The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) is the national credentialing body for radiologic technologists. Earning ARRT certification -- indicated by the credential "R.T.(R)(ARRT)" for Radiography -- is required for licensure in 51 states and is universally recognized by employers as the professional standard.

To become ARRT-certified in Radiography, you must meet three requirements:

1. Ethics requirement: Disclose and have reviewed any criminal history, honor code violations, or other ethical matters through ARRT's pre-application review process
2. Education requirement: Graduate from a JRCERT- accredited (or ARRT-recognized equivalent) radiography program
3. Examination requirement: Pass the ARRT Radiography examination administered by Pearson VUE at testing centers nationwide

About the ARRT Radiography Exam

• Format: 200 multiple-choice questions (180 scored, 20 pilot); administered by computer at Pearson VUE centers
• Content areas: Radiation protection, equipment operation and quality control, image acquisition and evaluation, image production, and procedures
• Passing score: Scored on a scale of 1-99; a minimum scaled score of 75 is required to pass
• Exam fee: Approximately $200 for primary pathway candidates; check ARRT's website for current pricing
• Retake policy: Candidates who fail may retake the exam up to three times total within a three-year eligibility window
• Pass rate: Approximately 85-90% for first-time candidates who graduated from accredited programs

After passing, you will hold the R.T.(R)(ARRT) credential. ARRT certification must be maintained through continuing education and compliance with ARRT's Standards of Ethics -- separate from any state CE requirements, though many states accept ARRT CE credits.

Advanced ARRT Certifications

After earning the primary Radiography (R) credential, technologists can pursue post-primary ARRT certifications in specialized modalities:

• CT -- Computed Tomography: One of the most sought-after post-primary credentials; requires 16 months of full-time CT experience and passing the CT exam
• MR -- Magnetic Resonance: Requires 16 months of full-time MRI experience and passing the MR exam
• M -- Mammography: Requires completing a mammography education program and clinical experience
• VI -- Vascular Interventional / CI -- Cardiac Interventional: For technologists working in interventional radiology and catheterization labs
• S -- Sonography / VS -- Vascular Sonography: Ultrasound-focused credentials for technologists expanding into sonography

Fluoroscopy Permits

Fluoroscopy is a specialized imaging technique that uses continuous X-ray beams to produce real-time moving images. Because fluoroscopy delivers higher radiation doses than standard radiography, 3 states require radiologic technologists to obtain a separate fluoroscopy permit or endorsement in addition to their standard license before they can perform or assist with fluoroscopic procedures.

Requirements for fluoroscopy permits vary by state but commonly include:

• Holding a valid state radiologic technology license or ARRT certification in Radiography
• Completing a state-approved fluoroscopy training course (commonly 8-24 hours of didactic and hands-on instruction)
• Demonstrating clinical competency in fluoroscopy positioning, beam collimation, and radiation protection
• Submitting a fluoroscopy permit application and paying a separate application fee
• Renewing the fluoroscopy permit on the same cycle as the primary license, often with additional CE in fluoroscopy safety

States Requiring a Fluoroscopy Permit

In states that do not require a separate fluoroscopy permit, radiologic technologists with a valid license or ARRT certification may assist with fluoroscopic procedures under the supervision of a licensed physician. However, the scope of independent fluoroscopy operation varies, so always confirm your state's specific rules with the state radiation control program or radiologic technology board.

State-by-State Radiologic Technologist Requirements

The table below summarizes key licensing requirements across all 51 states we track. Click any state name for the full breakdown including detailed education requirements, scope of practice rules, reciprocity, and renewal information.

Continuing Education (CE) Requirements

Most states and ARRT require radiologic technologists to complete continuing education as a condition of license renewal or credential maintenance. Among the 51 states we track, the average CE requirement is 23.2 hours per renewal cycle. Requirements vary considerably between states:

• ARRT CE requirement: ARRT requires 24 continuing education credits per 2-year biennium for credential maintenance, regardless of state requirements. At least 12 of those 24 credits must be structured educational activities
• State CE requirements: State-mandated CE hours range from 0 to 24+ hours per renewal cycle; many states accept ARRT CE credits to satisfy state requirements simultaneously
• Approved activities: Online courses from ASRT-approved providers, live seminars and conferences, in-service training, academic coursework, and ARRT-approved self-study modules
• Radiation safety CE: Some states specifically require a portion of CE hours to address radiation safety, protection techniques, or fluoroscopy safety
• Documentation: Retain CE certificates for 3-5 years; states and ARRT may conduct random audits requiring proof of completion
• Renewal cycles: Most licenses renew every 1-2 years; confirm your state's exact renewal period and deadline to avoid late penalties or lapses

States with CE Requirements

The American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT) operates an online CE platform at asrt.org that offers a large library of ARRT-approved CE courses across all imaging modalities and specialty areas. Many courses can be completed online at your own pace and are eligible for both ARRT biennium credit and state CE requirements.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take to become a radiologic technologist?

Most candidates complete the process in 2-4 years. An Associate's degree program typically takes 2 years after completing prerequisites (6-12 months), for a total of roughly 2.5-3 years. A Bachelor's degree program takes 4 years. After graduation, the ARRT application review and exam scheduling typically adds 1-3 months. State licensure applications are often processed within 4-8 weeks of submitting required documents.

Do I need a license in every state I work in?

Yes, in most cases. Unlike nursing, there is no multi-state compact for radiologic technologists, so you must obtain a separate license in each state where you practice. 41 states require a formal state license. Some states accept ARRT certification as the primary qualifying credential and have streamlined application processes for already-certified technologists. Travel radiologic technologists frequently hold licenses in multiple states.

Is ARRT certification the same as a state license?

No. ARRT certification is a national credential issued by a private organization that verifies you have met education and examination standards. A state license is a government-issued authorization to practice in that specific state. In 51 states, ARRT certification is required as a prerequisite for the state license. In states without a licensing requirement, ARRT certification alone may be sufficient, but it does not replace a state license where one is required.

What is a limited X-ray operator or limited radiographer?

Many states offer a limited X-ray operator or limited radiographer permit that authorizes non-technologist healthcare workers (such as medical assistants or chiropractic assistants) to perform a restricted set of radiographic procedures -- typically plain film X-rays of specific body parts. These permits require less education than full radiologic technology licensure and do not qualify the holder to perform the full range of imaging procedures that a licensed radiologic technologist can perform. 50 states we track have some form of limited operator permit program.

How much does it cost to become a radiologic technologist?

Total costs vary by educational pathway. Community college Associate's degree programs typically cost $15,000-$40,000 in total tuition and fees. Bachelor's programs at four-year institutions can range from $40,000-$80,000 or more. Additional expenses include the ARRT exam fee (approximately $200), state licensure application fees (averaging $312 across the states we track), background check fees, and clinical equipment such as scrubs and dosimetry badges. Some employers offer tuition reimbursement or sign-on bonuses that offset education costs.

Can I become a radiologic technologist online?

Partial online completion is possible -- some programs offer didactic coursework online while clinical rotations must be completed in person at affiliated imaging facilities. Fully online radiologic technology programs do not exist because hands-on clinical training is a mandatory component of JRCERT accreditation standards. Hybrid programs that combine online lectures with local clinical placement are increasingly available and can be a good option for students in areas without nearby JRCERT-accredited schools.

What is the difference between a radiologic technologist and a radiologist?

A radiologic technologist (or radiographer) performs the imaging examinations -- positioning the patient, operating the equipment, and producing the diagnostic images. A radiologist is a physician (MD or DO) who has completed medical school, residency, and often fellowship training in radiology, and who interprets and diagnoses from those images. Technologists do not interpret images or provide diagnoses; that is the exclusive scope of the radiologist. The two professions work closely together as part of the diagnostic imaging team.

How do I renew my radiologic technology license?

License renewal requirements differ by state. Generally, renewal involves submitting a renewal application through your state's radiation control program or radiologic technology board, paying a renewal fee, and completing any required CE hours. Most states renew licenses annually or biennially. Many states now offer online renewal portals. Separately, ARRT credential renewal is required every two years and involves completing 24 CE credits and attesting to compliance with ARRT's Standards of Ethics.

What salary can I expect as a radiologic technologist?

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for radiologic and MRI technologists is approximately $70,000-$80,000, though salaries vary widely based on modality, experience, geographic location, and setting. Technologists with advanced ARRT credentials in CT or MRI typically earn more than generalist radiographers. Hospital and trauma center positions often pay more than outpatient clinic roles. Travel radiologic technologists can earn significantly above the median through travel stipends and assignment bonuses.

Sources

Education, exam, licensure, and fee data are sourced from ARRT, ASRT, JRCERT, and official state radiation control programs and radiologic technology licensing boards.

• Individual state radiologic technology licensing board and radiation control program websites (cited on each state page).
• ARRT (American Registry of Radiologic Technologists) -- arrt.org
• ASRT (American Society of Radiologic Technologists) -- asrt.org
• JRCERT (Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology) -- jrcert.org
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook: Radiologic and MRI Technologists -- bls.gov

Data was last verified in March 2026. Licensing requirements change as states update their regulations. Always confirm current requirements with your state's radiation control program or radiologic technology board before beginning the licensing process.